Luoyang is the first published history of the State Council and the famous ancient cultural city, is also the "First Five" during the national key construction of the old industrial base.
As the leading heavy industrial city in particular, how to implement the scientific concept of development,glue stick properly handle the relationship between economic development and environmental protection to achieve sustainable economic and social development is in front of us an important issue.
As industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization accelerated, while resource-based heavy industry in recent years, ushered in a rare development opportunity, progress has been made of the development. On the other hand industry becomes increasingly dependent for resources, the environment and the contradiction between rapid industrial development have become increasingly prominent. Published in 2003, 113 countries, air pollution control in key cities, Luoyang last ten ranking is proof. Although environmental factors affect a lot of Luoyang City, such as: urban layout is not quite reasonable, population pressure,glue gun extensive mode of production and so on. However, the city's industrialization process of the city's environmental impact can not be ignored.
First, the Luoyang industrial development, industrial structure change:
Since the founding of Luoyang's industrial development and the evolution of industrial structure and national economy can be roughly divided into four stages:
The first phase (1949-1957 years), this period, the city's gross domestic product (hereinafter referred to as GDP) rose by a 160 million yuan to 4.3 billion yuan, secondary industry 84.78 million yuan, less than 100 million yuan , the city is almost no decent industrial enterprises, three industries increased from 43.4%, 2.9%, 53.7% adjusted 27.9%, 19.5% and 52.6%, both from the economies of scale at this stage or from the industrial structure, the impact on the environment are small.
The second phase (1958-1977), the "First Five", "twenty-five" period, the state has invested in Luoyang, 10 national key enterprises, 10 enterprises that future development in Luoyang, the long-term play of economic The role of engine for the economic development of Luoyang has made a significant contribution. During this period, the second industry is booming, the secondary industry of 1957 to less than 1 million in 1977 soared to 7.7 billion. Economic scale and industrial structure have undergone significant changes, to 1977, Luoyang GDP has reached nearly 1.4 billion, the industrial structure into a 20.7%, 55.2% and 24.1%. Thus laying a new industrial city of Luoyang City's strategic position, however, as the backbone of this stage of industrial enterprises in Luoyang, mostly heavy industry, the state and lack of appropriate measures (Luoyang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau was established in 1983), resulting in excessive emissions is serious. Changes in industrial structure, industrialization and the adverse impact on the environment began to emerge.
The third phase (1978 -2000) was a period of rapid growth of the overall national economy, and also suffered the largest old industrial enterprises in Luoyang difficult period. In 2000, the total GDP of Luoyang city reached 42.28 billion yuan, of which: secondary industry's added value of 23.09 billion yuan. The proportion of the industrial structure was 9.3%, 54.6%, 36.1%, but the secondary industry's share fell more than than 0.6 percentage points in 1977.
That is, in this period: the state-owned enterprises in Luoyang encountered unprecedented difficulties. Information: the last century, 90 years, Luoyang, loss of state-owned large and medium enterprises in more than 70%. The "Top Ten" backbone enterprises as an example: In 2000, these 10 large companies a total profit of the national total of 284 million net loss, after deducting the total profits of only 28.93 million yuan. Business trouble. Industrial economic structure and market demand contradiction; the large proportion of traditional industries and emerging high-tech industry and the slow growth of the conflict; industrial enterprise technology urgent and serious shortage of funds and other conflicts, all exposed. Traditional industries dominated the economy of industrial structure to carry the heavy burden of Luoyang. Reduce the environmental input. Industrial economic restructuring in Luoyang, industrial layout, product mix and the contradiction between environmental protection are increasingly exposed.
The fourth phase (__ 2001-present), this period is the period of the fastest growing industry in Luoyang, in 2005, the city's total GDP reached 111.15 billion yuan. Industrial added value of 56.6 billion yuan, and tertiary industries accounted for 9.9%, 58.4% and 31.7%. The proportion of secondary industry increased in 2000 3.8 percentage points.
In early 2001, the city of Luoyang was launched to revitalize industry's "1648" project. In 2002, Luoyang, Henan Province, will be included in the advanced manufacturing base, focusing on the development of four major industries: advanced manufacturing, petrochemical industry, ferrous metals industry, energy industry, while the old industrial city has launched a new round of policy support.
This stage is characterized by: the traditional industries to upgrade; resource-based heavy industry ushered in a rare development opportunities; emerging modern industrial enterprises continue to emerge; economic output is increasing. Accordingly, the economic development of dependence on resources in the continuous improvement of industrial production of the "three wastes" emissions are increasing rapidly, the environment and sustainable economic development have become increasingly prominent.
Second, industrialization, urbanization of the city environment.
History from the three changes in the industry can be seen: Luoyang is the industries, especially the resource-heavy industry of the old industrial base. In 2005, large-scale industrial added value of 35.98 billion yuan, of which the proportion of heavy industry and light industry was 7.8:1. From the beginning of the nineties of last century the old city industrial layout transformation, the transformation of traditional industrial enterprises, have doomed the Luoyang City in environmental protection, especially in the protection of air quality will encounter great difficulties.
1, the industrial development of the environmental impact of Luoyang.
Environmental pollution caused by industrial development, mainly in industrial wastewater, waste gas and solid waste emissions,
Environmental protection, according to the annual reports of Luoyang: the city in 2005 amounted to 124.226 million tons of industrial wastewater discharge, compared to 2000 (83,184,700 tons) increased by nearly 50% in 2004 and 2003 reached 122.713 million tons respectively, and 95,589,000 tons, of which industrial wastewater emissions of major pollutants: 198.94 tons of petroleum; 11,748.99 tons of chemical oxygen demand; toxic and hazardous pollutants 8.65 tons; ammonia 4363.46 tons.
In 2005, the city's industrial waste gas emissions standard for the 232.018 billion cubic meters in 2000 (87.077 billion standard cubic meters) increased by 166.5%. In 2004 and 2003 are respectively 144 493 000 000 121 764 000 000 standard cubic meters and standard cubic meters. Exhaust emissions of major pollutants: soot 172,200 tons, 304,500 tons of sulfur dioxide, dust and 115,800 tons, respectively, compared with 2000 (11.01 million tons, 113,200 tons and 80,000 tons) increased 56.4%, 169.0% and 44.8% .
From the "three wastes" discharge the industry composition of view: in 2005 as an example: the largest industry wastewater are: electricity production, non-metallic mineral manufacturing, mechanical electrical and electronic equipment manufacturing; the largest sector emissions are: electric power production, non-ferrous metal and rolling processing industry, non-metallic mineral manufacturing; industrial solid waste generation up to the industry are: power production, mining, machinery and electrical and electronic equipment manufacturing.
Total water use and energy consumption from the situation, still in 2005, for example, the largest water industry are: electricity production, petroleum processing and coking industry, mechanical electrical and electronic equipment manufacturing; energy sector followed by the largest power production, non-metallic mineral manufacturing, petroleum processing and coking industry.
Industrial added value from the industry composition of the scale and see: In 2005, in the large-scale industrial added value of 35.98 billion, accounting for 19% of electricity production, machinery and electrical and electronic equipment manufacturing accounted for 17.4%, mining 12.5%, non-ferrous metal processing and extended pressure industry accounts for 10.6%, non-metallic mineral manufacturing accounted for 6.5%. Total added value of the five-line scale industrial added value accounted for 66%.
As can be seen from the above analysis: Currently, Luoyang, a strong industrial economy plays a role in promoting the development of the industry's dependence on resources and environmental pollution are continually increasing.
2, urbanization, transportation, tourism development on the environment.
As industrialization and urbanization process accelerated, the tertiary industry of Luoyang has been the rapid development of economic output of 340 million yuan of 1977 rose to 35.26 billion yuan in 2005, an increase of more than secondary industry GDP, the proportion from 24.1% to 31.7%, increased by 7 percentage points.
The environmental impact of the tertiary industry mainly in the transport industry emissions, the destruction of tourism on the natural environment.
According to statistics, the end of 2005, the city has all kinds of motor vehicles 791,000, of which: 177 000 vehicles, motorcycles and 405,000. Every vehicle in accordance with the amount of 3 tons per year of emissions calculation, in theory, only the city's annual emissions of vehicles containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen and nitrogen compounds, nitrogen oxides, lead compounds and particulate matter and other harmful gases at least about 531,000 tons. And industrial waste a considerable amount of major pollutants discharged. Luoyang air pollution has become one of the eight culprits.
Secondly, tourism has a greater impact on the environment, the impact of tourism on the environment is reflected in many ways, the transition of the development of tourism resources will lead to environmental degradation, even causing water pollution. To do when traveling by air transport would cause pollution, travel accommodation, catering, in particular, barbecue, air pollution is very serious.